Incidence of acute respiratory symptoms and COVID-19 infection in children in public schools in Bogotá, Colombia, from July to November, 2020 / Incidencia de síntomas respiratorios agudos y COVID-19 en niños de escuelas públicas de Bogotá, Colombia, entre julio y noviembre de 2020

Introduction: More than 90% of children infected with COVID-19 worldwide developed mild to moderate disease. In Colombia, during 2020, COVID-19 infections in children stayed below 9.2% of the total cases, with no trends for age group or sex. Objective: To estimate the incidence of acute respiratory symptoms and COVID-19 in children from public schools in Bogotá, Colombia during the second semester of 2020. Material and methods: A telephone survey was conducted in over 5,000 scholar children. Antecedents and use of health services were informed. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: A total of 151.470 persons per day accounting for an IR of 157,8 per 100,000 people; almost three times the rate reported by the official surveillance system in the city. Conclusion: A lack of diagnosis and consultation in children was found compared to the general population. Further research is needed to elucidate the true burden of the disease in children.

Introducción. Más del 90% de los niños infectados con COVID-19 en el mundo, desarrollaron enfermedad leve a moderada. En Colombia, durante el 2020, la infección del COVID-19 en niños se mantuvo por debajo de 9,2 % del total de los casos sin tendencias por grupo de edad o sexo. Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia de síntomas respiratorios agudos y COVID19 en niños de escuelas públicas en Bogotá (Colombia) durante el segundo semestre de 2020. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una encuesta telefónica en más de 5.000 escolares. Se recolectó información de antecedentes médicos y uso de servicios de salud. La información obtenida se describió mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados. Se contabilizó un total de 151.470 personas al día para una tasa de incidencia de 157,8 en 100.000 personas, casi tres veces la tasa reportada por el sistema de vigilancia oficial de la ciudad. Conclusión. Se encontraron deficiencias en el diagnóstico y consulta de los niños, al compararlos con la población general. Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar la verdadera carga de la enfermedad en la población infantil.

Costo de infección de vías urinaria universitario de Santander, Colombia / Costs of infection associated with urinary bladder probes in a teaching hospital in Santander, Colombia

Objetivo Estimar el exceso de costos de la infección de vías urinarias asociada al uso de catéter y las intervenciones clínicas que más influyen en los costos. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohortes pareadas por tiempo de aparición del evento nosocomial. Los expuestos fueron pacientes con infección de vías urinarias asociada a catéter, y los no expuestos, pacientes sin infección nosocomial, con diagnóstico de ingreso similar al expuesto. En las dos cohortes se evaluaron los costos directos de atención hospitalaria. Resultados El exceso de costo total de atención de una Infección de vías urinarias asociada a catéter fue de $ 2 460 168 pesos colombianos para 2009. El mayor porcentaje fue atribuido a los días de hospitalización en sala general con un 71,8 %, las valoraciones diarias contribuyeron con el 19,1 %, siguieron los antibióticos con un 6 %, los hemocultivos 5 %, los gases arteriales 2 %, los restantes contribuyeron con menos del 1 % cada uno. Discusión Se obtuvo un costo más cercano al real, usando variables como ecografía, gases arteriales entre otras, no usadas en estudios previos, además de las variables frecuentes como días de estancia hospitalaria, y consumo de antibióticos. En nuestro conocimiento este es el primer estudio de micro costos de infecciones nosocomiales que se ha realizado en el país, usando como diseño una cohorte. Conclusión Se encontró que una infección de vías urinarias no asociada a catéter tiene un exceso de costos directo de $2 460 168,9 pesos (1 329 dólares de 2009).(AU)

Objective To estimate the excess costs of urinary tract infection associated with catheter use and clinical interventions that influence costs the most. Methods A study of cohorts paired by the time of occurrence of the nosocomial event was carried out. Those exposed were patients with urinary tract infection associated with catheters and those unexposed were patients without nosocomial infection, admitted with a similar diagnosis. In both cohorts the direct costs of hospital care were evaluated. Results Excess total cost of care for a urinary tract infection associated with catheter was 2 460 168 (Colombian pesos in 2009). The highest percentage (71.8 %) was attributed to the days of hospitalization in the general ward; daily valuations contributed 19.1%, followed by antibiotics (6%), blood cultures (5 %), arterial blood gases (2 %). The remaining cost categories contributed less than 1 % each. Discussion This study tried to get closer to the actual cost, using variables such as ultrasound, arterial blood gases and others unused in previous studies in addition to the common variables such as length of hospital stay, and consumption of antibiotics. To our knowledge this is the first study of micro costs of nosocomial infections that has been done in the country, using a cohort as a design. It was found that urinary tract infection associated with catheter use had a direct excess of costs of 2 460 168 Colombian pesos (US$ 1 329 dollars in 2009) It was found that urinary tract infection associated with catheter had a direct excess of costs of 2 460 168 Colombian pesos (US$ 1 329 dollars in 2009).(AU)

[Costs of infection associated with urinary bladder probes in a teaching hospital in Santander, Colombia]. / Costo de infección de vías urinaria universitario de Santander, Colombia.

Objective To estimate the excess costs of urinary tract infection associated with catheter use and clinical interventions that influence costs the most. Methods A study of cohorts paired by the time of occurrence of the nosocomial event was carried out. Those exposed were patients with urinary tract infection associated with catheters and those unexposed were patients without nosocomial infection, admitted with a similar diagnosis. In both cohorts the direct costs of hospital care were evaluated. Results Excess total cost of care for a urinary tract infection associated with catheter was 2 460 168 (Colombian pesos in 2009). The highest percentage (71.8 %) was attributed to the days of hospitalization in the general ward; daily valuations contributed 19.1%, followed by antibiotics (6%), blood cultures (5 %), arterial blood gases (2 %). The remaining cost categories contributed less than 1 % each. Discussion This study tried to get closer to the actual cost, using variables such as ultrasound, arterial blood gases and others unused in previous studies in addition to the common variables such as length of hospital stay, and consumption of antibiotics. To our knowledge this is the first study of micro costs of nosocomial infections that has been done in the country, using a cohort as a design. Conclusion It was found that urinary tract infection associated with catheter use had a direct excess of costs of 2 460 168 Colombian pesos (US$ 1 329 dollars in 2009) It was found that urinary tract infection associated with catheter had a direct excess of costs of 2 460 168 Colombian pesos (US$ 1 329 dollars in 2009).